Main Features of French Rule in Indochina

Main Features of French harness in Indochina By 1893 France had colonised all of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia and renamed it the French Indochinese Union. The French were authoritarian and self-interested. They ran Indochina as a profit making venture and well-tried to visualize it stipendiary for its own administration. Colonial governor Paul Doumer made the pot pay for the cost of their own rule by increasing usage duties and direct taxes. He created official monopoly on salt, alcohol, and opium.Doumer conpennyrated on create railways and lighthouses while denying the people development and education. Before French rule 80 per cent of Vietnamese were literate in Chinese but by the end of 1940 only 20 per cent of boys were at school and a much smaller per cent of girls. The French exploited Vietnamese resources and labour. They paid the people minimal wages and forced them to work in fearful conditions. Vietnamese land was turned over to the production of rice, rubber, opium, spices and other commodities to merchandise for French profit.The French altered traditional land ownership and the Vietnamese peasants had to take out loans with the interest rate of up to 70 per cent to pay the rent of there land and homes. The French also introduced a currency trunk which was poorly understood and not trusted by the peasants who had always used bartering. With the change in land ownership came a massive change in Indochinese social structure. This destroyed village carriage which was the main Indochinese social unit. The village was the centre of their religious, cultural and economic lives and was the more or less important administrative unit in Vietnam.This destruction of the social system along with land ownership changes resulted in a small elite group of Vietnamese land owners who collaborated with the French and left the 90% of the population of the peasants oppressed and in poverty. The French ruled Indochina with force and used inhibitory methods to end any rebellion. They divided Vietnam into three administrative divisions of Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina. A identification number of Vietnamese groups tried to rebel and were executed by the French. The studyity of Vietnamese were Buddhist and the French tried to convert everyone to Catholicism.Anybody who rebelled against the French priests was imprisoned or executed. With the outbreak of World War Two France surrendered to Germany and allowed Japan to administer Indochina. This resulted in the destruction of culture and widespread famine. Towards the end of WW2 Japanese soldiers seized the bulk of the Vietnamese rice crop and French officials with held the remaining supplies from the peasants. This resulted in a major famine where 2 million people died. After WW2 the French tried to reclaim Indochina supported by the United States and Britain.Relations between the French and the Vietnamese deteriorated as key independence leaders Ho Chi Minh and global Giap began to fi ght for the rights of the Vietnamese. When the French broke the August agreement and bombed Haiphong killing sextuplet thousand civilians the first Indochinese war began. This war of attrition saw the Vietnamese develop skilled guerrilla tactics in the face of A-one French fire power. By 1954 this conflict ended in the interlocking of Dien Bien Phu with a decisive Vietnamese victory. The Geneva conference that began the day by and by battle ended resulted in the end of French rule in Indochina.